Women’s Experiences with Sensitive Jokes in the Workplace
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.55927/ijems.v3i2.53Keywords:
Sensitive Jokes, Female Workers, Response, Work EnvironmentAbstract
This study examines the forms of sensitive jokes experienced by female workers in the workplace and their responses. Employing a qualitative approach through interviews, the findings identify six categories of sensitive jokes: career ambitions, marital status, gender stereotypes, sexuality, physical appearance, and physical touch. Predominantly made by male colleagues, these jokes adversely affect women's emotional well-being and the workplace atmosphere. Female workers employ various response strategies, including directly reprimanding the perpetrator, reporting to superiors, maintaining professionalism while ignoring the joke, shifting the conversation, or withdrawing from the situation. The study underscores the necessity for organizations to cultivate a professional and safe work environment
References
Akh Jalal, & Helmi Buyung Aulia Safrizal. (2023). Implikasi Humor dan Kepuasan Karyawan Terhadap Kinerja UMKM di Indonesia: Studi Literatur. JUMBIWIRA : Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Kewirausahaan, 2(2), 54–68. https://doi.org/10.56910/jumbiwira.v2i2.758
Becker, J. C., Glick, P., Ilic, M., & Bohner, G. (2011). Damned if she does, damned if she doesn’t: Consequences of accepting versus confronting patronizing help for the female target and male actor. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41(6), 761–773. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.823
Brodzinsky, D. M., Barnet, K., & Aiello, J. R. (1981). Sex of subject and gender identity as factors in humor appreciation. Sex Roles, 7(5), 561–573. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00288632
Clouse, R. W., & Spurgeon, K. L. (1995). Corporate analysis of humor. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:221943008
Crawford, M. (2020). Humor in Conversational Context: Beyond Biases in the Study of Gender and Humor. Representations: Social Constructions of Gender, January, 155–166. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315223810-14
Creswell, J. W. (2009). Creswel_research Methodology_3rd Edition.
Czopp, A. M., & Monteith, M. J. (2003). Confronting Prejudice (Literally): Reactions to Confrontations of Racial and Gender Bias. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 29(4), 532–544. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167202250923
Decker, W. H. (1986). Sex Conflict and Impressions of Managers’ Aggressive Humor. The Psychological Record, 36(4), 483–490. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03394968
Decker, W. H., & Rotondo, D. M. (1999). Use of humor at work: Predictors and implications. Psychological Reports, 84(3 PART 1), 961–968. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1999.84.3.961
Decker, W. H., & Rotondo, D. M. (2001). Relationships Among Gender , Type Of Humor , And Perceived Leader Effectiveness Author ( s ): Wayne H . Decker and Denise M . Rotondo Stable. Journal of Managerial Issues, 13(4), 450–465. https://www.jstor.org/stable/40604364
DePaulo, B. M., & Morris, W. L. (2005). Singles in society and in science. Psychological Inquiry, 16(2–3), 57–83. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli162&3_01
Didiek Rahmanadji. (2009). Sejarah, teori, jenis, dan fungsi humor. Jurnal Bahasa Dan Seni, 35(2), 213–221.
Driessen, H. (2001). Jokes and Joking. International Encyclopedia of the Social & Behavioral Sciences, 7992–7995. https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-08-043076-7/00898-6
Duncan, W. J. (1982). Humor in Management: Prospects for Administrative Practice and Research. Academy of Management Review, 7(1), 136–142. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1982.4285511
Duncan, W. J., Smeltzer, L. R., & Leap, T. L. (1990). Humor and Work: Applications of Joking Behavior to Management. Journal of Management, 16(2), 255–278. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639001600203
Dwi Astuti, R., & Kistanto, H. (2022). Tradisi 3M Masyarakat Jawa menurut Perspektif Gen Z Kajian: Feminisme. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 7, 49–54.
Eliezer, D., & Major, B. (2012). It’s not your fault: The social costs of claiming discrimination on behalf of someone else. Group Processes & Intergroup Relations, 15(4), 487–502. https://doi.org/10.1177/1368430211432894
Elisabeth, R., & Adim, A. K. (2022). Representasi Humor Seksis Pada Program Tonight Show di NET.TV Representation of Sexist Humor on The Tonight Show Program on NET.TV. EProceedings of Management, 9(2), 1164–1173.
Evans, T. R., & Steptoe-Warren, G. (2018). Humor Style Clusters: Exploring Managerial Humor. International Journal of Business Communication, 55(4), 443–454. https://doi.org/10.1177/2329488415612478
Fiantika, M, W., Jumiyati, Honesti, Wahyuni, & Jonata. (2022). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. In Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. In Rake Sarasin (Issue Maret).
Fitzgerald, K., Francemone, C. J., & Grizzard, M. (2022). Humor and poignancy: Exploring narrative pathways to face death and bereavement. Frontiers in Communication, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2022.973239
Fitzgerald, L. F., Drasgow, F., Hulin, C. L., Gelfand, M. J., & Magley, V. J. (1999). Sexual harassment in organisations: A test of an integrated model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 82(4), 578–589. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327876mp1103
Groch, A. S. (1974). Generality of response to humor and wit in cartoons, jokes, stories, and photographs. Psychological Reports, 835–838.
Hetherington, E. M., & Kelly, J. (2003). For better or for worse. Divorce reconsidered. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44(3), 470–471.
Hommelhoff, S., Richter, D., & Scheibe, S. (2024). Sexual jokes and conversations at the workplace and their relation to employee well-being: Results from a longitudinal study. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 97(3), 767–775. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12492
Horisk, C. (2024a). Joking and power. In Dangerous Jokes: How Racism and Sexism Weaponize Humor. Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197691496.003.0012
Horisk, C. (2024b). Joking remarks and joking intentions. In C. Horisk (Ed.), Dangerous Jokes: How Racism and Sexism Weaponize Humor (p. 0). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197691496.003.0007
Huda, S., & El Widdah, M. (2018). Manajemen Strategi Peningkatan Mutu Madrasah. Salim Media Indonesia.
J. Nicole, S., & Stewart, R. E. (2004). Confronting Perpetrators of Prejudice: The Inhibitory Effects of Social Costs. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28(3), 215–223. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.2004.00138.x
Jenkins, M. (1985). What’s so funny? Joking among women. Proceedings of the First Berkeley Women and Language Conference, 131–151.
Kaiser, C. R., & Miller, C. T. (2001). Stop complaining! The social costs of making attributions to discrimination. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 27(2), 254–263. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167201272010
Kurnianingsih, S. (2003). Pelecehan Seksual Terhadap Perempuan Di Tempat Kerja. Buletin Psikologi, 2, 1–550. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780080971131
Linando, J. A. (2023). Employment Struggles for Muslims: A Systematic Review. Journal of Management, Spirituality and Religion, 21(1), 1–41. https://doi.org/10.51327/XINF4851
Mallett, R. K., & Wagner, D. E. (2011). The unexpectedly positive consequences of confronting sexism. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47(1), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2010.10.001
Marlowe, L. A. (1985). A Sense of Humor. Imagination, Cognition and Personality, 4, 265–275. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:143922741
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2013). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=p0Wxbaaaqbaj
Muallifah, Z., Wahyuni, & Anggariani, D. (2020). Fenomena Perilaku Body Shaming di Kalangan Perempuan pada Mahasiswi Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filafat UIN Alauddin Makassar. Sosioreligius : Jurnal Ilmiah Sosiologi Agama, 5(2), 91–99.
Mulyana, B. S., & Linando, J. A. (2024). Engagement in student organizations and graduates’ readiness to enter the job market. Asian Management and Business Review, 4(2), 308–323. https://doi.org/10.20885/ambr.vol4.iss2.art9
Nugroho, M. A., Sunarmi, & Soewarlan, S. (2024). Puspa Karima Dalam Stigma Gender Menuju Panggung Internasional. Keteg: Jurnal Pengetahuan, Pemikiran Dan Kajian Tentang Bunyi, 23(2), 192–201. https://doi.org/10.33153/keteg.v23i2.5732
Patton, M. Q. (2001). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods. SAGE Publications. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=vNWlBAAAQBAJ
Pertiwi, S. H., & Linando, J. A. (2024). Analisis Kesiapan Keterampilan Mahasiswa Tingkat Akhir Jurusan Manajemen Untuk Memasuki Dunia Kerja. Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi Dan Kewirausahaan, 8(2), 460–470. https://doi.org/10.29408/jpek.v8i2.25342
Plester, B. (2016). Dynamic Humour Boundaries (pp. 87–105). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24669-7_5
Rahmayani, M. (2021). Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Pentingnya Pendidikan Tinggi untuk Kaum Perempuan. Jurnal Sosial Sains, 1(9), 3635–3641. https://doi.org/10.59188/jurnalsosains.v1i9.169
Ridwan, A. (2010). Humor Dalam Tablig Sisipan Yang Sarat Estetika. Jurnal Ilmu Dakwah, 4(15), 921–956.
Riquelme, A. R., Carretero-Dios, H., Megías, J. L., & Romero-Sánchez, M. (2021). Joking for Gender Equality: Subversive Humor Against Sexism Motivates Collective Action in Men and Women with Weaker Feminist Identity. Sex Roles, 84(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-020-01154-w
Robbins, B. D. (2008). What is the good life? Positive psychology and the renaissance of humanistic psychology. The Humanistic Psychologist, 36(2), 96–112. https://doi.org/10.1080/08873260802110988
Romero, E. J., & Cruthirds, K. W. (2006). The use of humor in the workplace. IEEE Engineering Management Review, 34(3), 18–30. https://doi.org/10.1109/EMR.2006.261378
Rozin, P., Trachtenberg, S., & Cohen, A. B. (2001). Stability of body image and body image dissatisfaction in American college students over about the last 15 years. Appetite, 37(3), 245–248. https://doi.org/10.1006/appe.2001.0426
Saefulloh, F., Yustin Suryana, H., Nisari, N., Setiawan, A., Bayu Wibowo Pamungkas, K., Ratna Wijayakusuma, F., & Kunci, K. (2023). PENGARUH BUDAYA PATRIARKI TERHADAP ORIENTASI KARIER PEREMPUAN. Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Serang, 1(1), 7–12.
Sari, D. Y., & Sunesti, Y. (2021). Body Shaming, Citra Tubuh Ideal dan Kaum Muda Kampus: Studi Fenomenologi Terhadap Mahasiswa UNS. Journal of Development and Social Change, 4(2), 40–55.
Schneider, A. K. (1994). Effective responses to offensive comments. Negotiation Journal, 10(2), 107–115. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02184171
Shi, J., & Wang, L. (2023). When Joking Turns Sour: A Deep-Dive into Impoliteness Strategies Escalating Conflict in Offensive Joking. SSRN.
Smeltzer, L. R., & Leap, T. L. (1988). An Analysis of Individual Reactions to Potentially Offensive Jokes in Work Settings. Human Relations, 41, 295–304.
Soedjatmiko, W. (1991). Aspek linguistik dan sosiokultural dalam humor. Lembaga Bahasa, Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya.
Sternberg, R. J., & Barnes, M. L. (1988). The psychology of love. Yale University Press.
Subhaktiyasa, P. G. (2024). Menentukan Populasi dan Sampel : Pendekatan Metodologi Penelitian Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. 9, 2721–2731.
Swim, J. K., & Hyers, L. L. (1999). Excuse Me - What Did You Just Say?!: Women’s Public and Private Responses to Sexist Remarks. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 35(1), 68–88. https://doi.org/10.1006/jesp.1998.1370
Tuhepaly, N. A. D., & Mazaid, S. A. (2022). Analisis Semiotika John Fiske Mengenai Representasi Pelecehan Seksual Pada Film Penyalin Cahaya. Jurnal Pustaka Komunikasi, 5(2), 233–247. https://doi.org/10.32509/pustakom.v5i2.1963
Twardzicki, M., & Jones, N. (2017). “Have you heard the one about…” using comedy to tackle mental health-related stigma with UK military personnel? Journal of Public Mental Health, 16(1), 9–11. https://doi.org/10.1108/JPMH-03-2016-0017
Vaccarino, E., & Kawakami, K. (2021). In the office or at the gym: The impact of confronting sexism in specific contexts on support for confrontation and perceptions of others. Self and Identity, 20(7), 893–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298868.2020.1832566
William G. Lycan. (2020). Humor and Morality. Journal GEEJ, 7(2), 253–268.
